The Founding of Zoar
In Tuscarawas County, Ohio sits the historic village of Zoar. The community was founded in 1817 by German religious dissenters as a utopian community. The immigrants from Württemberg were a pacifist group who sought religious freedom away from the oppression from the Lutheran church, and mandatory military service in Germany. These immigrants, called the Society of Separatists of Zoar, became known as Zoarites. The group had chartered the “Twelve Principles of Separatism.” This was a document created to guide the community and lay the framework for how people would live together within the community. Though the Zoarites were against war and conflict, they still protested against slavery.
Preservation and Modern Life in Zoar
Most of the village remains today as it did back then, including many of the buildings from its utopian origins. In 1969, most of the community was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Zoar Historic District. In 2016, Zoar was designated a National Historic Landmark District. Some historic buildings operate as museums, while some operate as shops. Today, Zoar’s population is 178, with many residents living in original homes from the 1800s.
Zoarite Beliefs and Practices
Zoarites did not practice baptism or confirmation, and did not celebrate religious holidays except for the Sabbath. They had placed a flower garden in the center of town, which was based on the Book of Revelation.
Economic Success and Struggles
In the early days of Zoar, the success of the colony came thanks to the digging of the Ohio and Erie Canal. The Zoarites had purchased 5,000 acres of land using loans, which were to be paid off by 1830. The community had struggled for years trying to determine what products and services to produce in the village in order to pay off the loans. Thankfully, it was around this time that the state of Ohio required some of their land to be used as a right of way. The Zoaries had two options: one option was to dig it themselves for pay, while another was to have the state pay others to dig the canal. Throughout much of the 1820s, the Zoarites had spent time digging the canal themselves. After finishing the job, they now had enough money to pay off their loans, with quite a bit of money to spare.
Leadership and Legacy of Joseph Bimeler
The leader of the Zoarite society was Joseph Bimeler, a pipemaker and teacher born in 1778 in the city of Ulm. Bimeler carried the village through numerous crises, and through his strong, charismatic leadership, led the society until his death in 1853; this is when the way of life in Zoar started to change.
Zoarites in the Civil War
In September 1861, two younger members of the Zoar community enlisted in the Union Army. This was the first time anyone from Zoar had participated in war, other than helping provide food and clothing to Union soldiers in the past. Not long after in 1862, two men from Zoar, Christian Ruof and Levi Bimeler, were drafted into military service. They were able to avoid the conflict by paying a $200 penalty each.
In total, thirteen men from Zoar served in the Union army: Simon Briel, age 20; Samuel Knopfle, age 22; John Brunne, age 22; Anton Burkhart, age 22; John Geissler, age 21, injured, settled away from Zoar; Gottfried Kappel, age 22, died of pneumonia at Brook’s Station, Virginia, June 12, 1863; Leo Kern, age 20, captured at the battle of Gettysburg on July 1, 1863 and imprisoned at Andersonville; John Kuecherer, age 19; Christian Rieker, age 20, captured at the Battle of Gettysburg on July 1, 1863; Frank Strobel, age 22; Daniel Unsold, age 25; Eugene Wright, age 20; John Adam Zeib, age 18.
Disbandment and Division of Property
By 1898, the village of Zoar had voted to disband their communal society, finally dividing property among remaining residents.
Notable Buildings in Zoar
Some notable buildings in Zoar include Number One House, also referred to as the “King’s Palace, built in 1835 to house the elders of the village. Joseph Bimeler and his family called this building home. The town hall was built in 1887, and was one of the last buildings to be constructed after the society disbanded in 1898. In 2002, the structure was restored with help from private funds. The lower level is used as a governmental chamber and the two upper floors house artifacts that were commonly used throughout the village. The Zoar hotel was built in 1833, and was used as a home for anyone – rich or poor. President William McKinley favored spending the night here, and enjoyed the German cuisine that was offered.
A Personal Journey Through Zoar
There is so much to see on a visit to Zoar, and spending a morning or evening there is an experience unlike most any other you can get in the state of Ohio. When I first visited Zoar on my way to Charm, I was greeted by a beautiful sunset. The town glowed in the warmth of the evening. I took a short walk down to Zoar Lake to enjoy the remainder of the sunset, and noticed the former Zoar Brewery, which had been buried for years until being uncovered in 2015. The work to uncover it was made possible by an $85,600 grant from the Timken Foundation to the Earth Action Partnership, which owns and manages the Zoar Wetland. The brewery was built in 1832 to provide beer and cider for Zoar residents. The brewery had operated until 1901, and was later converted to a dance hall in 1920. In 1950, it was burned.
Culinary Stops and Accommodations
When you visit Zoar, not only can you learn a multitude of historic facts about the town and see some incredible old buildings, but you can spend hours here wandering around. Make sure while visiting to stop at the Tin Shop Coffee House and Donnie’s Tavern for coffee and food! If you plan to stay in the area, you can even grab a night at the Zoar School Inn Bed and Breakfast.
Planning Your Visit to Zoar, Ohio
Visiting the historic village of Zoar offers a unique opportunity to step back in time and experience a slice of 19th-century utopian life right here in Ohio. Whether you’re a history buff, a lover of charming old buildings, or simply looking for a peaceful getaway, Zoar has something special to offer. Here’s how to make the most of your trip:
Best Time to Visit
- Seasonal Considerations: Zoar is beautiful year-round, but each season offers a different experience. Spring and summer boast blooming gardens and ideal weather for exploring outdoors. Fall brings stunning foliage, and the winter season, while colder, offers a quaint, picturesque landscape reminiscent of a historical painting.
- Special Events: Keep an eye on the village’s calendar for festivals, historical reenactments, and other special events that can add an extra layer of enjoyment to your visit.
Getting There
- Location: Zoar is located in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, making it accessible for a day trip or a weekend getaway from many parts of the state.
- Transportation: Driving is the most straightforward way to reach Zoar, with parking available throughout the village. The nearest airports are in Akron and Cleveland, from where you can rent a car for the scenic drive.
What to Do
- Historic Tours: Take a guided tour of the Zoar Historic District to learn about the community’s fascinating history and see its well-preserved buildings up close.
- Museums and Shops: Explore the village’s museums housed in original buildings for a deeper dive into the Zoarite way of life. Don’t forget to visit the local shops for unique souvenirs and handcrafted goods.
- Nature Walks: Enjoy the natural beauty surrounding Zoar by taking a stroll around Zoar Lake or exploring the nearby walking trails. The central flower garden, based on the Book of Revelation, is a must-see.
- Culinary Experiences: Sample local cuisine at Donnie’s Tavern, enjoy a coffee break at the Tin Shop Coffee House, and make sure to check out other local eateries for a taste of the area.
Where to Stay
- Accommodations: For a fully immersive experience, consider staying at the Zoar School Inn Bed and Breakfast, where you can enjoy historic charm with modern comforts. There are also several hotels and inns within a short drive of Zoar, catering to a range of preferences and budgets.
Tips for Visitors
- Advance Planning: Some attractions may have limited hours, especially outside of peak tourist season, so it’s a good idea to check opening times and book tours in advance.
- Footwear: With much of the exploration done on foot, comfortable walking shoes are recommended.
- Local Etiquette: Remember, some residents of Zoar live in the historic homes you’ll be admiring. Please respect their privacy and property during your visit.
Whether you’re coming for the history, the architecture, or simply the tranquil atmosphere, planning your visit with these tips in mind will ensure you have a memorable and enjoyable experience in Zoar, Ohio.
